Phenobarbitone Idaman

Phenobarb

Short-term treatment of insomnia; relieve anxiety, tension & apprehension; long-term anticonvulsant therapy for the treatment of generalised tonic clonic & simple partial seizures. Prophylaxis & treatment of febrile seizures. Prevention & treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.

Usual dose: 30-125 mg tds up to 350 mg daily in divided doses.

Hypersensitivity to barbiturates. Porphyria.

Pregnancy & lactation. Childn. Elderly.

Confusion, hallucinations, mental depression, skin rash or hives or swelling of eye lids, face or lips, wheezing or tightness in chest, sore throat & fever, unusual excitement & tiredness or weakness, yellowing of eyes & skin, clumsiness or unsteadiness, dizziness or lightheadedness, drowsiness, hangover's effect, anxiety or nervousness, constipation, feeling paint, headache, nausea, vomiting, nightmare or trouble in sleeping, unusual irritability.

Decreased effects of acetaminophen, adrenocorticoids, glucocorticoid & mineralocorticoid or corticotropin, cyclosporin, dacarbazine, digitalis glycosides, l-thyroxine, quinidine, coumarin or indandione-derivative anticoagulants. Increased risk of habituation w/ other addictive drugs especially CNS depressants w/ habituating potential. Increased risk of hepatotoxicity w/ chronic use prior to enflurane, halothane or methoxyflurane anesth. Increased risk of nephrotoxicity prior to methoxyflurane anesth. Hydantoin anticonvulsants. Enhanced CNS depression w/ TCAs. Increased urinary excretion w/ ascorbic acid. Ca-channel blocking agents. Increased metabolism leading to decreased serum conc & reduced elimination t_½ of carbamazepine. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Increased CNS depression w/ other CNS depression-producing drugs. Estrogen-containing OCs, cyclophosphamide, disopyramide. Aggravated orthostatic hypotension w/ loop diuretics or guanadrel/guanethidine. Increased CNS depression & neurological toxicity w/ divalproex Na or valproic acid. Doxycycline. Decreased elimination t_½ of fenoprofen. Decreased absorption of griseofulvin. Haloperidol. Increased risk of hypothermia w/ other hypothermia-producing drugs. Increased risk of hypotension &/or resp depression w/ ketamine. Leucovorin, loxapine, phenothiazines or thioxanthenes, maprotiline. Increased serum conc w/ methylphenidate. Accelerated metabolism & decreased plasma conc of mexiletine. Prolonged CNS depressant effects w/ MAOIs including furazolidone, pargyline & procarbazine. Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias & coronary insufficiency w/ posterior pituitary. Primidone. Reduced effects w/ vit D. Xanthines eg, aminophylline, caffeine, oxtriphylline, theophylline.

Anticonvulsants

N03AA02 - phenobarbital ; Belongs to the class of barbiturates and derivatives antiepileptics.

B